The Weird Creatures of the Mariana Trench, Earth’s Real-World Pacific Rim

The Weird Creatures of the Mariana Trench, Earth's Real-World Pacific Rim

As a seasoned gamer and deep-sea enthusiast with over two decades of immersion into virtual underwater realms, I can confidently say that my real-life fascination for the Mariana Trench has been ignited by the same curiosity that drove me to conquer countless missions in games like “Subnautica” or “Abzu”. The sheer diversity and resilience of life forms thriving in such harsh conditions are a testament to nature’s infinite ability to surprise us.

The world’s oceans are vast, mysterious, and profound. They encompass approximately 70% of the Earth’s surface and house a significant portion of its biological diversity. To encounter some of the most unusual creatures to have ever moved, crept, or swam, all you need to do is look below, very deeply.

The typical depth of Earth’s oceans exceeds 3,600 meters, which is roughly equivalent to 2.3 miles. As you descend beneath the waves, sunlight scatters off water molecules, making it darken rapidly. The deeper you go, conditions become increasingly darker and colder due to increasing pressure. Eventually, you’ll reach the hadal zone, a region named after Hades, the Greek god of the underworld. In the western Pacific, near Japan, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Guam, and the Mariana Islands, you’ll find the deepest point on our planet.

The Mariana Trench stretches over 1,500 miles in length and boasts a width exceeding 40 miles. At its most extreme point, referred to as Challenger Deep, this trench plunges about 11,000 meters (approximately 6.8 miles) into the ocean’s depths. Here, the water pressure is over 1,000 times greater than typical atmospheric pressure and temperatures barely climb above freezing. Surprisingly, various species of marine life, both large and small, have been discovered thriving in these extreme conditions by researchers.

What lives in the Mariana Trench?

The Weird Creatures of the Mariana Trench, Earth's Real-World Pacific Rim

In Guillermo del Toro’s 2013 monster film Pacific Rim (currently streaming on Peacock), the abyss plunges further. At the base of Challenger Deep, a rift from another dimension called the Breach is found at the bottom, originating from an alien planet teeming with humongous beasts. These colossal monsters, known as Kaiju, periodically surface and assault coastal cities. In response, humanity unites to construct massive mechanical combatants known as Jaegers, operated by two psychically linked human operators.

In “Pacific Rim”, our world faces a relentless danger arising from the depths of the trench. In reality, the inhabitants of the Mariana Trench may not pose a threat, but they remain equally fascinating.

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Mariana snailfish

The Mariana snailfish, also known as hadal snailfish, could be the deepest dwelling fish species ever found. These creatures are quite diminutive, typically growing between 10 and 28 centimeters or 4 to 11 inches in length. They have semi-transparent bodies with slender tails, which makes them resemble a somewhat pale, elongated tadpole.

The Mariana snailfish resides at depths ranging from 3.7 to 5 miles beneath the ocean’s surface, where sunlight is scarce and its sight isn’t necessary. These creatures are apex predators in the hadal food web, consuming small crustaceans and anything else they manage to capture with their mouths. Given their extreme location, they have evolved some extraordinary adaptations like a soft skeleton to endure such pressure.

Amphipods

The Weird Creatures of the Mariana Trench, Earth's Real-World Pacific Rim

As a gamer, I’d say: I’m fascinated by these underwater creatures called Amphipods! They belong to a group of crustaceans with almost 10,000 known species living in every body of water, even the deepest trenches like the Mariana Trench. These deep-sea dwellers can grow up to 2 inches, and they feast on organic material that falls from above, which we call ‘marine snow’ – it’s basically a mix of dead plants, animals, and waste. It’s amazing how life thrives even in the most extreme environments!

Under high pressures, the calcium carbonate that forms their shells disintegrates too rapidly. To tackle this issue, these deep-sea creatures have evolved a remarkable solution. Current studies suggest that hadal amphipods absorb aluminum ions from the ocean floor and integrate them into their shells. This extra layer serves as a protective shield, similar to a suit of armor made of metal, preventing the calcium carbonate from dissolving.

Translucent sea pig

The Weird Creatures of the Mariana Trench, Earth's Real-World Pacific Rim

The modest sea cucumber known as the sea pig scuttles across the ocean floor in the deep sea, rooting through the sediment searching for food bits. Despite its small size, barely a few inches long, it’s pink and slender, equipped with tube feet. It digs through the mud much like a pig on a truffle hunt, and has formed an unusual and enigmatic bond with young crabs.

On a recent voyage with MBARI (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute), tiny baby king crabs were spotted attached beneath the bodies of sea pigs. It’s uncertain if these crabs offer any advantage to the sea pig, or if they’re merely utilized as mobile cover. Regardless, sea pigs are a charming and intriguing resident in the ocean’s deepest district.

Giant single-celled xenophyophores

The Weird Creatures of the Mariana Trench, Earth's Real-World Pacific Rim

In a setting teeming with unusual creatures, xenophyophores stand out as one of the most peculiar ones. Originally believed to be a type of sea sponge, they are now recognized as single-celled organisms boasting multiple nuclei. Amazingly, they can grow as large as a softball.

These organisms are hard to analyze due to their extreme fragility and scientists find it challenging to collect them undamaged from the deep sea. They’re thought to consume debris from the seabed using a slimy substance, and at times, they even cultivate bacteria as a dietary supplement.

Xenophyophores construct an external shell, or “test,” using materials gathered from their surroundings. These tests can vary greatly in shape and structure, with each design potentially providing unique advantages for filtering and trapping food particles. In the depths of the ocean, these large single-celled organisms are often the most prevalent life forms, creating an underwater world reminiscent of the blockbuster movie Pacific Rim, if you were to shrink yourself down to a cellular scale.

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2024-12-23 21:46